Fractures of the lower jaw occur most often, accounting for up to 80% of the total number of injuries to the bones of the facial skeleton.

The clinical picture is characterized by pain syndrome, displacement of fragments, their mobility; visible deformation of the maxillofacial region is often observed. In addition, there is usually a change in bite, impaired speech and chewing, drooling.

In the case of a fracture of the alveolar process, the defining symptom is a violation of articulation. The lack of timely treatment of a fracture of the lower jaw can cause complications, such as osteomyelitis of the jaw and phlegmon of the submandibular area. An X-ray helps clarify the location and nature of the fracture.

Injuries of the middle zone of the face are often associated with a high transfer of kinetic energy to several subunits of the facial skeleton at once; they are complex in nature and can present surgeons with serious challenges that require urgent specialized care. This is mainly due to the proximity of the respiratory tract and the rich blood circulation of the base of the skull and the middle part of the face. In addition, concomitant brain, spinal, and orbital injuries may complicate the management of these patients, requiring a systematic interdisciplinary and often individualized approach.

Such injuries are often accompanied by malocclusion, difficulty in nasal breathing, diplopia (double vision), etc.

Some traumatic factors can lead to a fracture of the front wall of the frontal sinus, which is often accompanied by the intrusion of fragments. This causes deformation of the face and contributes to the development of chronic inflammation in the injured sinus.

The goal of treatment of frontal sinus fractures is to restore the contour of the face by repositioning bone fragments in their correct anatomical position with subsequent fixation and avoiding short-term and long-term complications.

The goal of treatment of multiple fractures of the bones of the facial skeleton is to restore the anatomy of the face in all three planes.

One of the most important factors in the successful treatment of such fractures is the development of 3-D technologies, mainly in the fields of computer tomography, computer modeling, etc. This is extremely important for correct diagnosis, and also allows the surgeon to choose an individual approach to each patient, which is a necessary condition for detailed planning of future treatment and outcome prediction.