The clinical picture is characterized by pain syndrome, displacement of fragments, their mobility; visible deformation of the maxillofacial region is often observed. In addition, there is usually a change in bite, impaired speech and chewing, drooling.

In the case of a fracture of the alveolar process, the defining symptom is a violation of articulation. The lack of timely treatment of a fracture of the lower jaw can cause complications, such as osteomyelitis of the jaw and phlegmon of the submandibular area. An X-ray helps clarify the location and nature of the fracture.

Such injuries are often accompanied by malocclusion, difficulty in nasal breathing, diplopia (double vision), etc.

The goal of treatment of frontal sinus fractures is to restore the contour of the face by repositioning bone fragments in their correct anatomical position with subsequent fixation and avoiding short-term and long-term complications.

One of the most important factors in the successful treatment of such fractures is the development of 3-D technologies, mainly in the fields of computer tomography, computer modeling, etc. This is extremely important for correct diagnosis, and also allows the surgeon to choose an individual approach to each patient, which is a necessary condition for detailed planning of future treatment and outcome prediction.

Benign tumors of the glands are asymptomatic for some time and are characterized by slow growth. Therefore, they can reach larger sizes before patients consult a doctor. As a rule, the function of salivation is not disturbed. When the parotid salivary glands are affected, especially when the tumor is located superficially, facial asymmetry is determined due to soft tissue swelling. The most common salivary gland tumor — pleomorphic adenoma — in the absence of timely treatment can become malignant (become malignant)

In the treatment of benign neoplasms of the salivary glands, the tumor is carefully removed together with the capsule, followed by a histological examination of the removed tissues.

Congenital neck cysts are a common problem in both children and adults and are usually benign. Neck cysts can reach significant sizes, causing compression of nearby organs, suffocation and dysphagia. Common types:

Lateral cysts of the neck (branchiogenic cyst) – Appears due to abnormalities of the gill slits, which should disappear with proper intrauterine development of the fetus. These anatomical structures can form cysts (pockets that contain fluid) or fistulas (passes that lead to an opening on the surface of the skin). They are usually located near the front edge of the neck muscle that runs from the jawbone to the collarbone and sternum.

In the absence of timely treatment, it can become malignant and turn into bronchiogenic cancer.

Middle cyst of the neck (thyroglossal cyst) is a neoplasm that develops from cells and tissues remaining after the formation of the thyroid gland during embryonic development. This type of cyst is usually diagnosed in children of preschool age or mid-teens and often appears after an upper respiratory infection when it becomes enlarged and painful.

Neoplasms of the skin represent a very large heterogeneous group of diseases. They are divided into benign, malignant and precancerous conditions (precancerous lesions).

Among the benign processes, atheroma, hemangioma, dermatofibroma, lipoma, papilloma, seborrheic keratosis, and nevi (“moles”) are most common. All these diseases, except for nev

Inflammatory diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue

An abscess is a collection of pus in various tissues and organs, delimited by a pyogenic membrane.

Phlegmon is a diffuse purulent inflammation of tissue. Phlegmon can develop in any part of the body, during a violent course — cover several anatomical areas.

Topical diagnosis of odontogenic phlegmons of the maxillofacial region is based on 4 local signs:

I. Sign of the “causal tooth”. In the oral cavity, there is a periodontitis or periodontitis tooth, the periodontium of which is the “generator” of the infection, which spreads and affects the soft tissues adjacent to it. It is revealed on the basis of the patient’s complaints, examination and radiography.

II. A sign of severity of inflammatory infiltrate of soft tissues. It is sharply expressed in superficial phlegmons and absent or weakly detected in deep ones. In this case, visible manifestations of infiltration are evaluated and, as a criterion for its violation, the configuration of the face or the absence of asymmetry.

III. A sign of impaired motor function of the lower jaw. It is known that any inflammatory process localized in the area of at least one of the masticatory muscles to one degree or another disrupts the motor function of the lower jaw.

IV. A sign of difficulty swallowing. It occurs when the inflammatory infiltrate is localized in the area of the muscles of the side wall of the pharynx, while as a result of compression or muscle contracture pain occurs when swallowing.

A furuncle is a purulent-necrotic inflammation of a hair follicle and its surrounding tissues.

As the process progresses, the inflammation spreads to the sebaceous gland and surrounding tissues, including nearby hair follicles, which leads to the formation of a carbuncle — a draining purulent-necrotic inflammation of several hair follicles and sebaceous glands with the formation of a general large necrosis of the skin and subcutaneous tissue.

With untimely treatment or self-treatment (squeezing) of boils and carbuncles in the areas of the upper lip, nasolabial fold, nose, suborbital area, the development of a severe condition is possible, accompanied by progressive thrombophlebitis and the transition to the venous sinuses, dura mater, which, in turn, leads to such serious diseases as basal meningitis and sepsis, etc.

Treatment of inflammatory diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue – dissection of the purulent focus taking into account the direction of the facial nerve and ensuring the outflow of pus from the purulent focus, washing (dialysis) of the purulent center and its drainage, aseptic gauze bandage with a hypertonic solution over the purulent wound, removal of the “causative” tooth according to indications.

Inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity

Pericoronitis is accompanied by inflammation of the tissues around the erupting tooth. With severe and long-term teething, a kind of hood is formed over the tooth,

under which disease-causing bacteria and food residues fall. As a result, an inflammatory process develops.

Treatment of pericoronaritis is almost always surgical. In the case of tissue inflammation around the molars and premolars, dentists choose the tactic of excision of the gum hood. But treatment in the area of eighth teeth is almost always performed by removing wisdom teeth.

Periostitis or, as this disease is often called in the people – flux – is an inflammation of the periosteum, which occurs first on its surface, and then penetrates into other layers. The periosteum in the form of soft connective tissue covers the entire surface of the bone with a thin film. It serves as a connecting link between the tooth and all the muscles surrounding it, and also performs a protective function for the bone. The first sign of periostitis is a slight swelling of the gums, which is accompanied by pain.

Periostitis is a serious disease that requires immediate medical attention. The effectiveness of the treatment of the disease depends on the stage at which it is started. At the beginning of the development of the disease, when a purulent abscess has not yet formed, it is enough to open the cavity of the affected tooth and clean the canal of serous exudate.

If the disease has turned into a purulent form, surgical intervention with dissection of the periosteum in the area of inflammation is necessary. Local anesthesia is used for pain relief.

Osteomyelitis of the jaw is a purulent, infectious-inflammatory process that captures all structural components of the jaw bone and leads to osteonecrosis.

Osteomyelitis of the jaw is accompanied by general symptoms, such as weakness, fever, chills, and local symptoms: pain, restriction of mouth opening, tooth mobility, inflammatory infiltration of soft facial tissues, formation of fistulas, sequestrations, abscesses, etc.

Most often, the disease is diagnosed on the lower jaw, as the teeth of the lower row are more prone to caries and various traumatic effects.

The risk of developing osteomyelitis increases in the presence of an immunodeficient state, as well as diseases of the circulatory system. This is due to the fact that the wounds of a person with such pathologies do not heal well, and the body is not able to resist infections.

Other factors provoking the disease include:

• smoking;

• alcohol abuse;

• diabetes;

• starvation or poor nutrition;

• syphilis;

•courses of chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

If the acute development of the disease is not cured to the end, chronic osteomyelitis of the jaw develops. It is more difficult to respond to conservative therapy, and also more often leads to complications.

An implant, or as it is often called an implant, is a titanium rod that is installed in the bone and is a support for fixing artificial teeth (metal-chemical, ceramic crowns, removable prostheses). Titanium is a biocompatible material. It is practically not rejected by living tissues, does not cause allergic reactions.

Our clinic uses high-quality implants from the world’s leading manufacturers:

* “Straumann” (Switzerland);

* “Biohorizons” (USA);

* “Ankylos” (Germany);

* “Dio” (South Korea);

* “B&B” (Italy);

Sometimes there are no optimal conditions for installing an implant. In this case, the oral cavity is surgically prepared for implantation.

* Augmentation of the bone crest (increase in the thickness of bone tissue)

*Sinus lifting (increasing the height of bone tissue in the lateral areas of the upper jaw)

Surgical preparation of the oral cavity for prosthetics is the most important stage, the quality result of which ensures the reliability of prosthetics and the duration of its use.

* Vestibuloplasty (deepening of the vestibule of the oral cavity);

* Elimination of recession (lowering) of the gums;

* Plastic surgery of short frenulums of the lips, tongue;

* Removal of sharp edges of the alveolar process and exostoses (bone growths);

* Resection of root tips;